Improved process for the manufacture of good-flavored spirits and neutral alcohol



phlegm or liquid.

,. UNITED STATES -Paramf-4 eGrificn,

A f rnnncois nnnoir, on nnnssnits, BELGIUM;

mPiiovro'PRoctSs For THE MANtfAcuiiE or eoo'D-FLAvoaro SPIRITS AND l'Neutral ALCOHOL.

Spcc'iiicatio n forming of Letters Patent No. 15g-00H, dated Noveuiber S, 13,64.

To all whonafz may concern; Y j

-Be .it known thatJL, FisANcois HAEGK, a

inary distillatious and other alcoholic'liquids;

' and I do herebyfdeclare that the following is aj full, clear, and lexact description of thesaineI Thejfundaniental'feature'of the present inl venti'o'n is, first, to deprive the phlegrus, (or

crude spirits obtained distillation from 'f grain, maize, beets, rice, vmolasses, wines, )A and, j' in fact, all bad-flavored alcoholic .liquids,of. 'their' injurious'constituents hy a series of sncf'` cessive and independent operations; and, sec-v` ondly, to raise the alcoholic strength of these liquids to the desired degreeo'f proof. Byin jurions constituents .I mean others, oils, alud acids which `are found in phlegms or had-fla;` vored alcoholic liquids, and which it is undesirableto retain either in brandy, ruin, gin, Whisky, or other portable spirits, or in concentrated spirit or alcohol produced from the The complete process which constitutes the invention is therefore composed of two subprocesses, and l therefore divide the descrip,V

tion of this invention into two parts-that is to say, the description of the sub-process for 'removing injurious constituents from plilegin orload-avored alcoholic liquids, Vand the description of the sub-process for the 'evaporan tion, concentration, condensation, and refrigeration of theresulting liquid to the required degree et alcoholic strength or concentration. First part- Description of the sub-process for depriving phlegins or badly-flavored alco-`v liolic liquids oftheir injurious constituents: This process is composed of three successi-ve operations orsecondary sub-processes, censisting, the iirst,.in separating a part of the essential oils by lowering. the alcoholic degree' ofthe plilegin sufficiently to 'cause the essenVv 4tial oils-toseparate in part 'and then dcanting them; the second, in the removal of acids and another part of the essential oils loyheating, the liquid after' decantation with pow dered. gypsum, or plaster,77 as it is conia nionly called, or other inaterial which Willaah- Sorb the acids and some of the oils; the third7 in heating the liquid rnass'slowlybut continuously to a temperature lower than is required forthe distiliationof. alcohol, in order to disengage in drops .or in an exceedingly: thin stream the others and other elements more v moved by the two preceding'` operations.

Description of therst operation,whichcoii freed by' lowering the alcoholic degree of the liquid andthen decanting the oil: This op eration isperforined in a cylindrical receiver Or vat, Figure 4,.Sheet 1. This' vat 'is constructed. by preference of woodlined with thin tinned sheet-copper. i a is the body of the vat. I; istlie coverthereof. v c is a conical head 'placed' on the top of the cover.

Withcock r attached tothe head c. cis au agitatorwith vanes f for agitatingrthe liquid. in the vat. g is a pipe forintroducingliquid into the vat. it is the loutlet-cock for the'liq cleansing the vat may bedrawn off. The

duced the bad-avored alcoholic liquid-or eration of the various inj nrious constituentsoils, ethers, and acides-frein the alcohol. ,mixing ofthe water with the mass is effected by the motion of the agitator. As a general rule I iind itexp'edient to vadd sufficient water to reduce'the alcoholic strength of the mixture to 14 of Bannies hydrorneter; bu'tthe quantity of Water to he add-ed bears some proportion to the quantity of injurious constituents that the phlegm contains, and the more it con` trains the more water is it necessary to add to 'liberate these constituents from the alcolici. When the mixture has been effected hy the agitator, the mass is left at perfect rest,.in'or der that the liberated oils, which are less dense W'hen the rising of the oil is terminated, which introduced into the vat by the pipe g. As thisl introduction of Wat-er raises the level of the liquid, the oils, which are on the surface,`pass into the conical head c, from which they llow by the pipel d. The separation of the oils 1 which rise to the surface fromthe liquid mass volatilethan alcohol'u'hich have notheen re sists in separating a part of the essential .oils

uid, andi' a coclrbywliich liquid used forcover b is iitted to the vat-ct` in such nian.v ner as to prevent alcoholic evaporation and the. escape of liquid. After 'having intro' plilegins to be treated i'nto the vat a,'l add s sufficient water toV eect the separation or lib# The j than the liquid mass, may rise to the surface.

requires a certain number of hours, water is 'with an agitator. vata, Figlet, enters vcontinuously at theboti-` tom and passes out'eontinuouslyfat the top'of l 1 thesec'ond vat. After-having been reag'itatedv 4 a certain :number of times', the liquid'. mass containing the gypsum is left atV perfectrest/,i

Vstitutesthe second operation.

\ ytrates e l l nasen is ums'parametric-tn@ moet simple manner by what I call decantation, and this mixing'. with Water, liberation, and flotation of oils and decantation constitute theiirst operation.

Description of the-.secondsoperatiolnyconsisting inrenioving the-remaining oils and acids held in suspension in theliquid mass by means-*oi gypsumoiotherf absorben-t 'materif-ils, such as vegetableoranimal charcoal, vlime,and magnesia," orfmixtures of such materials: 'Wheathe oilspwhich' fl oat on'thesur-j face ofthe phlegrn or bad-avoredliquid of low alcoholic 'degree have been decanted, I mix with the liquid mass powdered'gypsum-'orj other-,material'capable of absorbing'A .the oils and acids which. remain'therein.` `The mixture 'of the gypsum may be performed vby introducing smallquantities at a time through .the head' @and by ivorkingthe'agitatorj The 'advantageg'ypsum possesses lover the other materials isrthat it deprives the liquid massA of Soils and acids Without introducing 'thereinany other cause of bad iiavor'. lnstead cfmixing the gypsum-in the vat sho-Wnin-Fig.

4, the liquid may run' into a4 small vat,"wl1ieh )dit need only pass through in orden-pto. become charged `With' as much'gypsum as it is capable,

rif-.carrying with n.1-- Lrhi's small vat netted The liquid iiowing fr onithe eitherin the vessellwhere lthe agitation has beeneffectedfor'in another vessel into which. 1 `it-is drawn of','aud the solid matter mixed l with the phlegms precipitates 'by degrees to the bottom, carrying with it oils, ethersacids and vegetable and other matters. This mixture with powdered gypsum or its equivalent, agitation, and subsequent precipitation con-A Descriptiohfof the third operation` consisting in the evaporation of ethers and essential oilsv more volatile than alcohol byslowly but;

pipes'i, ,which are pierced with small holes` in such manner as to impart, by the-unifor'm direction of the small jets of steam passing out Vof the ho1e-s,a circulating movement'to the steam, which is thus distributed throughout the double b0ttom,Whieh thus becomes equally heated at every part. Fig. y6, Sheet l, illusthe arrangement of the steam-distribultergin the double bottom. tis a bent pipe orltrap which permits the escape of Waterj liquid masstakes place as follows:

is iirst quickly. heated to the ;boiling point.`

'nothing but," kWater and alcohol. vthis result visjthe object of the third operation, ',Which consists in subjecting `,the liquid mass arising from the condensation 'of-steam in the double bottom, K is a small condenser in vconi'm'u'iiicat-dnwith the reservoir' by the pipe z'. '.Thedisengagement ci' the ethers from the The mass As soon as drops of ether issue from the condenser "K, the admission et heating steam is reduced to the -minimumfquantity necessary to keep the liquid mass near the boiling-point.'

yThe heat from/the steam introduced into the ydouble bottom then rises slowly through the .liqbid mass andl vaporizes the ethers.- The evaporation or the disen'gagementgofthe.

ethers `by the slow-but sustained heating is thus effected, while at the samev time the least pos'- -sible quantity of alcohol isevaporat'ed.l .v The vheating should: be moderate and long con'- tinued, and the liquid mass kept a' little be lowboilingpoina sc that the ethers pass' out of the condenser K'infdrops or in, a very? thin stream. yThe operation .thus conducted will lbe`` economical and v advantageous. As the, godo'rolisfethers form a'jvery small quantityl of the liquid mass, anyexcessive heat in the double bottoni and` not expended in Vvaporizing- 'ether acts injuriously on the alcohol, causing itto'vapori'z'e in large quantity at the same4 ,timefas the ether., When the drops collected *inthe-refri'geratorl contain only au infinitesimal quantity of .odorous ether, the liquid mass in the heating-reservoir contains really To vobtain rto a .slow and continued-heating at a temperature below that at which the alcohol is liber-- ated from the "liquid, thus vaporizing -the ethers, which are condensed, as described.

When the nature of the last alcoholic product requiresl that it should preserve a certain proportion either of the essential oils or all or part of the ethers, or both oils. and ethers, it is easy to understandV that .the three' operations before described :may be regulated aceordingly. rlhe object of these threev opera-r tions is therefore to preparepwith the greatest precision any alcoholic liquid to undergothe `subsequentoperationci''being brought to the proof of 'good-ilavorjedbrandy or-'other portable spirits, crof neutral spirit approaching' positive alcohol. These three operations proceedby what term the division of 1abo1v that is to say, there is no attempt to remove allpthe injurious elements at once or in one Vessel, but I endeavor, first, to separate those which are insoluble in a Weak. alcoholic liq-v uid;- secondly, the remainingoils and acids; and, thirdly, theethers." t i Havingv 'now explained Vthe object of the first part of this invention, I proceed to describe the second part, which relates to the pro-'- cess for raising to the desired alcoholic degree or proof the phlegni previously rendered neutral or only deprived of its injurious elements.

Second part-Description of -the sub process of raising alcoholic liquids'oi` low degree,

vobject of the process cess.

- iinally cooled'in ll.

deprived ot' their injurious constituents to the f degree of streng y A hol: The liquids' to be ol'ierated upon are cornposed,'1iiai11ly, ot' alcohol andof Wat-er andeshj'o'f "brandy, spirit, or alcosences which evaporate at a higher "temperature than alcohol.'v The alcohol in evaporau ing` carries ol'tfwithv it more or less of `the va- Y pors ot' the less volatile constituents, and the eohol with as little aspossible et' the less volatile liquids, and',l second, to eliminate all the alcohol i'roni the liquid. lh'e process ist-herefore composed ol' two continuous' and successivev but separate distillations; vthe iirst effected 4at the lowest temperaturegrequired to expel the alcohol i'rom the liquid, so that the alcohol may pass oft contaminated as little as possi- .lile with the less volatile const.ituents,and the `secondeftected at a sutiieiently high tempera ture to e'xpelall the alcohol, so that the least possible loss may accrue. rlhe lirst distillation v iseftcctedhycausingtheliquidpreviouslyheat- 'ed to pass continuously through ali-evaporating-pan connected with a concentrating vana.

y lyzing apparatus and acondensereso that the alcoholic vapor is concentrated and condensed,

' while the Vgreater portion'ofth'e Vaqueous va- 'por tJiat passes oft' with it from-the evaporat-` ingpan is separated i'roxn it and returned toA the evaporatingflmn. l is effected by causing` the liquid which escapes from the iirst evaporating-pztn to pass continuousl)v `through a second cvaporatingpan {heated'to a higher tenipeiaturev than the first) connected with'au independent@condenser', so that the alcohol reni-.Lining in the liquid is eliminated from it, and is'not inixed'with the .product of the first distillation.

Figure l, Sheet 1,v representsa general plan VOf'thearrangement ol' a distillery furnished with apparatus l'or e'l'lectiug my complete pro- A A are deiecating-vals .lor deprivingl the phlegms ot' their injuriousconstituents, as hei'ore described. Bis the stili or distilliugcclumn for the primary distillation ot' fermented materials. (l isthe condenser ol thevapcrs issuing from ll. llisa reservoir l'ortlie-phlegins depri vcd of their injurious constituents, asbe` i'ore descrihed. The phlcgins Jg-fceivedjiu D are heated therein to the boiling-point, but not' beyond. l'l is an evaporatingpain iu which the phlcgms coming from l) in a 'regia 'lar stream are sulnuit-tedv to vei-aporation at a low temperai ure. rlhe alcoli ol ic vapors formed in lil are cnneent rated and reietiileil in G, and

ing-pau, in which the nearlyspent phlegin which comes from' E is submitted to evaporation at a sullicicnl-ly-high temperature vto extract. the last particles ot' alcohol. The nlco holic rapen-sproduced in liure condensedand cooled iu' l. '.lhe'rcservoirl) is provided with a float, e, lav menusotwhich the quantity ot' lictphlegius u hieh venters tlicpau ,ld per minutc canl he ascertained, se" that the ilow nur)4 he regulated i n proportion to the evaporating 's,'iirst, `to distill the al-` 'llie second distillation l" is another cvnporatg `power of the pans.y The still (on the eolunin,) in which theferniented materials are distilled, is heatedA either byfa furnace or by' steam .troniv a generator, V. The 4Vaporspass from the still or distilling-colunin Biuto C by the pipe i. rlhc phlegms condensed in Cpass into the deteeati iig-vessels A. They are thence trai'isferred to D, and from D through the pipe t into E. Thephleginsalmostdeprived ot'alcohol passy from E into F bygthe pipe t, `and the residual liquids totally spent are allowed to pass away on their exit froniF. 'il is a pipe Vwhich conducts vrintoL the vapors produced in D.. T conducts the alcoholic vapors from ,E into G.-A f T is the return-pipe from jG to E. f "vv is-the-pipe whichconducts the alcoholic kvapors from4 G to-li. T" is the pipe which conducts them from Fte I. i UUUare pipes by which steam iiows from vthe generatoriT to Ythe reservoir D, to the crap'ora-tinw-nanE, and

to tl1e` pan lll. Z Z rlZW/are pipes which ,convey water froin the cold-water reservoi r l tot-hc apparatusesL,` @,G, H, andl;

`Fig. 2 isa vertical section through the distillery, following` the lines a-b c'dotilfig; lj. l and'F being represented by fullinstead of by dottedlines,ast-heyshouldbe. Theapparatus C should be placed higher than it is repre- 'l sented, in orderk that liquids passing there.- from should gowdirect into the vesselsA. Z"II is the pipe or trap through which 'the Water arising i'rom the condensatiouof the steam, which heats the reservoir D, escapes. S S' are the furnaces ofthe generator Vandstill B- Fig. fl is a vertical sectionot' the distillery, following the lines f/ hij of Fig. l.:- Fig. l, Sheet'. is a plan ot' the evaporating-pans E and F... (Shown in Sheet lf).

Fig. 2 is a vlongitudinal elevation ot' the saine. s s are pressure-screws or iointlhsteners to secure tightl;v the covers which'close the chambers in which the alcoholic lliquid and the heat-in.' "-stlenm circulate;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section at the line uy b of Fig. 2. The phlegni oraleoholie liquid to he evaporated ente-rs the pan E bythe pipe r comingi'rom theheat;ng-reservoirl), where 'it has heen previously heated to the boilingpoint.

`the liquid becomes deprived ot' alcohol-that is to say,.in proportion as it advances .inthe `eiaporatiiig-panfthepan.is` a little more in` clined at the ent r, iuceithnu at theexit, in'order that the current@othliquid may leave it as much spentaspossible Yhel'ore passing'hv t he ripe intothe pan-l". The pan F isdividcd K like Fuso as to torni a continuous channelq" l becomes vshallower as itreaches the discharg.

-. passes ofi by the' vpipe Z".

of each of the p'ans E F an eseape-valve,'o, is. itted, which' serves to maintain a uniform pressure' therein or to insure that the heat of e through which the liquid' traverses from4 one end tothe other; but the pan F is heated-be- IOWjby-.steam at a sufficiently high temperature to evaporate the last particles ofi alcohol from vtheliquid, so that-itmay pass ont of the pan containingonly water Vand other foreign matters separated'froni the alcohol. In the pan F, as in the pan E,the current of liquid ing end of the pan.

Figz 4 is a vertical section through the'line c d of Fig. 1.1- 'i ri represent Athe partitions which form the channel by'vwhich the liquid traverses the panE from end to end., -'Ihe pan F has similar` partitions, but arranged as 'shown in Fig. 3. ee'are .the two'chambes of the evaporating apparatus. The heating-, steam comes from the generator Yby'tli'e pipe U', and enters by the dist-ribut-erfzinto vthe chamber e. 'The distributer d' is inthe fornioi' a flattened pipe pierced with holes its whole length in'such manner as to' regularly'introf duce-'the steam in the form of a sheet as'broad as the chamber e.v The water arising fromthe condensation of steam inthe chamber e issues pers formed in thechamber e is carried oiif by 'th e pipe T into an. analyzing- 'concentrator'. The alcoholic vapor is carried o i in a similarV manner from the pa'n F by apipe, T". Asteam?` 'd Stributer, d", vsimilar to d,g introduce'ssteam in the form of al continuons sheet intol thev4 chamber e ofthe pan F. Water arising. from the-condensation of steam in this chamber-'e To the'chamber-e the steam shall not -be too great; The constant degree,v of'heat. is respectively determined bythe weight pion. each escape-valve.

ljhe snri'ace of the pans E F, as well as the breadth ofthe channels, depends upon the quantityof work which it is desired to'perform, and the apparatus-is constructed ac` cordingly.

for cleaning by hand. The inner surface of the pans -is tinned all over.;

Fig. 1, 'Sheet-3,5155 aA vertical section of the concentrating analyzing apparatus marked G in Fig.A 1, Sheet 1.5' It is composedof two-con#v centric cylindersm n', between which ,wateris' made to circulateen`teringat top in the dis tributer c, which Ais constructed in -theforn1 of a gutter, and the water, circulates therein rapidly all round. The gutter c isv pierced all round with small holes o, through which theA Water passes 'into a jacket, b. The water descends from .thejacketbinto the narrow space l, and passes out bythe pipe j.' The interior of the cylinder u is'itted with cylindrical vessels m,snpe rposed and separated by circular plates 'or annular pans, p withapertures in 4 the center. The vessels m form between themselves vchambers e e c" c ew el'. The alcoholic or T he same may be said of the ill-[ clination given to the pans. The top and bottom of .these pans can be immediately removed and issues continuously by .pipes jj.

vapor to be condensed enters by a pipe, T1", l into a large jacket 1b, from which it spreads into'the thin-space contained between the' sides other lvapor the temperature of which is 4jto be lowered enters the chamber e bya pipe, T,

terminating in a-Rose spreader. Topass from4 -the chamber e to the chamber e the vapor has no other'passage than the-'narrow space g be. 4tween the side of the vessel m and thecylindern. The water between the two cylinders being of a lower temperature than the vapor'A which has entered the chamber e,`it follows `that during the'passage of the vaporthrongh the v'space g part ofthe aqueous vapor becomes condensed, `'and the remainder which reaches thefchamberis vapor of a 'more concentrated" degree, vor vcontains a larger proportion of alcohol. .lhe' saine operation takes place froml the chamber e to the chamber e, and so on lforall the'chambers until the vapor passes off by thepipe T". The number of vessels and thev4 height and breadth of the spaces g will vary according tothe work to'be performed.

The cylindrical body f of each vessel `is fitted with projectinghelical partitions, as indicated in Fig. '4,-'Which form a helical channel around the vessel `and compel the vapor coming from the chamber e-*to 'pass around v"the vessel in the helical channel, and to reina-'in in contact ymore or less' long with 'the -s'ide of the cylinder n befor'epassin'g into the `chamber e. The same-helical-channel. for the vapor is adapted to allthe vessels.l -The portions ofthe vapor condensed'in'thespaces g'rfall on the annular pans p and vessel m, when they are partly re-v 2 .vaporized Theremainder descend from stage f ltesi-,age bytheoverflow-pipes` q, and finally issue from the apparatus by the return-pipe- T,' to again .enterthe evaporatingapparatus.'

.The lower endof eaehpip'e q dips into asinalll cnp, u, `ofsncient'depth, and which' is lled by the first liquid which falls von the bottom of the vessel-.or pan' which is onjthefsamelevel as the upper edge' of thecup.A Inl order' to lregulate the circulationof the liquid on the bottoms of the vessels and pans, t'he bottoms are. fitted with spirales,` Figs.' l3 and 5, which form a continuons spiral channel.l

1 Fig; 3 refers to the vessels m, ang Fig. 'site the annular pans p.'-

Fig;4 -2 isa plan' of 4theeover ofthe eylinderf'.' l gn. This movable cover is fastened-upon the cylinder 'nb'ypressurescrews Fig. 6 is a sideele'vationof one .of the an 1 1- lar'pans p.

of the vessels c d 'refrigerating water circulates. It enterscontinuously th'rough the fuhnels e e',

The

. liquid.

reservoir, bythe exit-pipe j.

oi' the vessels b c, which give it the form of aneXtreinely thin cylindrical film, in contact on both sides with refrigerating water, which is incessantly renewed, all in thin iilms. .liquid varising,` `from the conde'nsation'of the vapor falls into the space contained between the bottoms of bland c, and rises therein yup to the height of the exitpi'pej, in such manner that the liquid remains in the bottom of 'the apparatus sufliciently'long to be reduced rto .the temperature of the adjoining water, the

stream o f which surrounds it on both sides. In

order' to allor;Tv the -air which the vapor may carry with it to escape from the space in which the condensation ofthe vapor takes place, there is immediately above thelevel ofthe condensed liquid a number 'of pipes, o, which terminate at. top in a horizontal circular pipe ending in lavertiral pipe of sufficient size, coin municati ng at the ltop of the level of the water with the external air. By this method the .air which vthe vapor carries with it passes oft' regularly from the space b c of the apparatus without carrying off with it either vapor or alcoholic rlhe two vessels b c are joined at top by flangesg, which are itted one on the other, andwhich are vmade to adhere hermetically by means of pressure--screws. lyloosenin'g these .screws `the vessels b c become independent,

andthe four Vessels may be entirely separated, in order thattlic sidesxthereoi" may beeleansed by hand., The interior 1'surfaces --of the two.

vessels b @which are in contact with the alcohol, are tinned.' The breadth of the 4narrow spaces for the Vwater and tiie'vapor islvariable, according to the Work to be performed, andA the apparatus is constructed accordingly, retaining, liowever, the eapabilityof uni'astening .the vesselsb e for cleansing. The alcoholic liquid may also be'allowed to ilow out directly and immediately,without remaining in the ln such case the air-pipes o are unnecessary, as the air es A capes byl the 'same-pipe. through which the, alcoholic liquidv arising from condensation flows. y v

- The apparatus'niaybe constructed of any dimensions as regards breadth and height, according to the anion-nt of workto be per formed.

E is a cock for drawingr off the liquid Afrom b e at the end of the operation.

vFig. 8 is a' planer' the apparatus.

The above description applies to the refrigeratingl'-condens'ers marked C, L, andlin Fig. l, Sheetl, as well as to the refrigeruting-condenser marked H. l

'The following are'the advantages resulting fromthe previous deprivation of the phlegms of theirv injurious constituents beore raising` them tothe degree of alcoholic strength re-j quired for good-flavoredspirits and neutral alcohol. Not only are the injurious constituents'wh'ich the phlegni or wine contains separated with certainty by the abovedescribed processes, but the separation is performed in the most economical anal easy manner, since The y each of the injurious constituents. is removed ,j termed, in casks, in which they gradually and slowly lose theirvinjurious properties. n greatloss results from this practice, arising,

first, from the inevitable evaporation of the alcohol, then the interestv on the capital represented by the casks and the, buildings or cellars in which they are stdred. The combi'- 4vnation of these losses isshppressed bythe employment of the before-described processes ofpuriiication and rectification, since the processes have precisely for their objectpto e0mpletelyand immediately deprive the phlegm or r'vines ofthe sanne vinjurious properties which inthe old systems were only imperfe'etly removed after a prolonged lapse'of time.;

By this invention the phlegnis crtaines, bef

ingpreviousl y deprived by, sure processes oi allinjurious properties, maybe immediately vsold and'eonsninedas spiritsoi the rst qual-..

ity.' t l Y From the foregoing description it' will be seenthat the entire Yprocess is eoinposedjoi ttyo primary sub-processes,l and that .the (first-- el these .is composed of secondary sub-processes lt is be lbelievedthat the best results -will be obtained by the use 'of the entire process; but the distiller who does-*not .deem it expedientto use theentir'e process may employ one or more ofthe'subprocesseswith adl Vantage.

The object of the secondi' primary sub-pio cess, which eonsistsoi' a continuous sin1ulia- .neous double distillation(primary and sec-v oinlarwfoifthe phlegm at different tempera;

v4times,with a separate condensation of the pro-A ductsoi' each. distillation, is first to `eliminate the alcohol with as little as 'possible of the constituents which. are less volatile than alcohol; secondly, lto eliminate the residue ci' the alcohol which passes off with the essences which are less volatile than alcohol, but more volatile than water, and thus: save the alcohol without permitting` the mixture 'of this alcohol with essences to contaminate the product of the primary vdistillatifn'i at the lower temperature; and, thirdly, to dopltlie worlc: continuously, so that time, fuel, and labor are What is claimed in this patent as `the invention isl. The process of separating;` injurious constituents from phlegrns or other alcoholic liquid prior to distillation by diluting, it, permitting` substantially'as set forth.

e @meer it to rest, and decantation, snhstantially as set forth. 2. The process `of separating injurious constituents from phlegms or other alcoholic liquid prior to distillation by treating'it with` gypsum er its equivalent, substantially as set forth.:

`3. The .processofseparating-from phlegni or other alcoholic liquid :injurious constituents which volatilize at a lowerheat'than alcohol lay-subjecting the phlegrn to continued heating ata lower temperature than is' re-A quiredfor the distillationoi' 'alcoholprior to the distillation, vsubstantially asset forth.

4. The process of separatingthe'finjurious constituents from phlegm or other alcoholic liqf uid prior to distillation by the combination of the three secondary sub-proccssesf-of dilution l and decantation, treatment with gypsum orits equivalent', and heating at a temperature lower than is required for the distillationof alcohol-.-

5. The process of .distilling phlegrn or other" alcoholic liquid hy two consecutive si1r1ulta-.l v neous and'continuous distillations, (therst Witnesses:

Aat the lowest practicable temperature required to ldisengage the-'alcohol in vapor and the second at a temperature' sufficient to expel the remaining alcohol,) and of-c'oinlensingy the products of each distillationrin a separatevessel,

so .that they vdo not mingle, substantially as set forth.-

l 6. The process of distillingphlegin or other i alcoholic liquid, substantially as speciii'ed -in @the l-astp'receding claim, in combination with the proeessfof separating thel injurious constituentsprior to distillation, substantially'as v specified inthe fourth claim..

7. The'processof distilling phlegm or other alcoholic liquid, substantially'as specified'in the fth claim, vin combination with each of riaANoors rin-non.

T. VIRNBURG, l 4 G. BAWES. y 

